per-2: B. per-, perǝ-

    per-2: B. per-, perǝ-

    English meaning: to carry over, bring; to go over, fare

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “hinũberfũhren or -bringen or -kommen, ũbersetzen, durchdringen, fliegen”

    Note: not certainly from per 2: C. to separate

    Material: O.Ind. píparti “fũhrt hinũber, geleitet, furthers, ũbertrifft”, causative pürá yati “ places about” (= pülayati ‘schũtzt”), Av. par- (with Präfixen) “hindurch-, hinũbergehen”, Kaus. -pürayeité , O.Ind. püra- “hinũberbringend, ũbersetzend”, m. n. “jenseitiges bank, border, shore, purpose, äußerste limit, boundary” (in addition pürya- “wirksam”), Av. püram. “bank, border, shore; limit, boundary, end”; Arm. hord “begangen, betreten”, hordan “fortgehen”, hordantam “lasse fortgehen”, and heriun “Pfrieme”; Thrac. πόρος, -παρα in place names = Gk. πόρος “ford”; Gk. περάω “dringe through “, πείρω (πεπαρμένος) “durchdringe, durchbohre” (= Church Slavic na-perjǫ), διαμ-περής “durchbohrend”, περόνη “cusp, peak, sting, prick, Spange”; πόρος “ passage, Zugang, junction, ford; Ausweg; pl. incomings “, Hom. πορεῖν “verschaffen”, Aor. ἔπορον; πέπρωται “is, war of Schicksal bestimmt” (*pr̥̄-), πορεύω “lead, guide, verschaffe”, Med. “fare, journey”, πορίζω “grant, bestow passage; verschaffe”, πορθμός “Überfahrt, Meerenge”; Alb. pruva, prura “brachte, fũhrte”, sh-poroj “durchbohre, durchsteche” (dis- + *pērü-i̯ō), sh-poj, tsh-poj, sh-puay “ds., durchbreche eine wall, breche ein” (dis- + *pērei̯ ō), sh-pie “lead, guide hin” (*sem- + *perō); pirr(ë) f. “thorn” (*per-nü) etc.; Maybe Alb. perëndim ‘sunset, West” : Middle Persian: xwarōfrün , (MO.N.) xwrwpr”n ‘sunset, West” : Avestan: pǝrǝtu-

“crossing, bridge”; OAv. (fra)frü [1sg.subj.aor.act.] “to cross” ( Y 46.10); LAv. fra-püraiiüŋ̊ h́ e [2sg.caus.subj.act.] “to bring over” ( Yt 71.16); nipüraiieiṇ ti [3pl.caus.act.] “to lead to” Lat. portō, -üre “bear, carry, guide, lead, drive, bringen, offer”, Umbr. portatu “portato”, portust “portaverit” (*poritō , to an iterative *porei̯ō); Goth. faran, for “ wander, pull, drag”, farjan “drive, schiffen”, st. V. O.H.G. O.E. faran, O.Ice. fara “drive”, schw. V. O.S. ferian, O.H.G. ferien, ferren, O.Ice. ferja “drive, schiffen”(farjan = *porei̯ō); O.Ice. fǫr f. “journey, Fahrt”, O.E. faru f. “Fahrt, journey, pull”, M.H.G. var f. “Fahrt, way, kind of, Weise” (fem. to Gk. πόρος); O.Ice. farmr, O.E. fearm m. ‘shipload”, O.H.G.farm “Nachen” (= Russ. porom); lengthened grade Kaus. O.S. fōrian, O.H.G. fuoren, Ger. fũhren , O.Ice. fø̄ ra ds., O.E. (as Iter.) fēran “gehn, pull, drag” (= Av. pürá yati, O.C.S. pariti); O.H.G. fuora “Fuhre, Fahrt etc.”, O.E. fōr f. “Fahrt, cart “; O.Ice. fø̄ rr “fahrbar, geeignet”, O.H.G. gi-fuori “ fitting, bequem, nũtzlich”; Verbalabstr. O.Ice. ferð, O.E. fierd, O.H.G. M.H.G. fart “Fahrt” (*por-ti-); R.C.S. na-perjǫ (= πείρω), -periti “durchbohren”; perǫ, pъrati “fly”; Iter. pariti “fly, schweben” (= O.Ind. pürayati, Gmc. *fōrjan); pero “ feather “; Russ. poróm, Ser.-Cr. prȁm “Fähre” (= O.Ice. farmr); presumably here also O.C.S. porjǫ, prati “carve, slit”; about Ger. Farn etc. s. addendum S. 850. per-tu-, por-tu-, gen. pr̥-teus “ passage, ford”: Av. pǝrǝtu-š m. f. (Urar. *pr̥tú-š) and pǝšu-š m. (Urar. *pŕ̥tu-š) “ passage, ford, bridge” (hu-pǝrǝϑwa- “good to ũberschreiten” = “Euphrat”); Lat. portus, -ūs “Haustũre” (XII tab.); “ harbor “, angi-portus “narrow Passage, Nebengäßchen”; besides ü-stem porta ‘stadttor, gate” = Osc. [p]úrtam; Illyr. PN Nau-portus; Gaul. ritu- “ford” in Ritumagus, Augustoritum, O.Welsh rit, Welsh rhyd, Corn. rit “ford”; O.H.G. furt, O.E. ford “ford” (zero grade O.Ice. fjǫrðr “narrow Meerbusen” from *per-tu-s); besides f. i-stem in Ger. PN Fũrth (*furti-). Maybe Alb. portë “door” from Lat. porta “gate”, port “harbor” from Lat. portus “harbor”. addendum to S. 817: To Church Slavic pero “ feather “ belong *por-no- “ feather “ in O.Ind. parṇá- n. “ feather, leaf”, Av. parǝna- n. “ feather, Flũgel”, O.S. O.H.G. farn “Farnkraut” (*Federkraut), O.E. fearn m. ds., Lith. spar̂nas, Ltv. spàrns m. “Flũgel” (das s- from the root spher-); *prǝti-s in Gaul. ratis, M.Ir. raith f. “Farnkraut”, Bret. rad-enn collective ds.; *po-port-i̯o- in Lith. papártis, papartỹs “Farnkraut”, Ltv. paparde, paparske ds.; with lengthened grade Slav. *paparti- f. in Russ. páporotь etc. ds. WP. II 21, Trautmann 206, Vasmer 2, 313.

    References: WP. II 39 f., WH. II 344, Trautmann 206, 215 f.